Send file using POST from a Python script
有没有一种方法可以使用Python脚本中的POST发送文件？
来自：https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user/quickstart/#post-a-multipart-encoded-file
通过请求，上传Multipart编码的文件非常简单：
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| with open('report.xls', 'rb') as f:
r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', files={'report.xls': f}) |
而已。我不是在开玩笑-这是一行代码。文件已发送。让我们检查：
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| >>> r.text
{
"origin":"179.13.100.4",
"files": {
"report.xls":"<censored...binary...data>"
},
"form": {},
"url":"http://httpbin.org/post",
"args": {},
"headers": {
"Content-Length":"3196",
"Accept-Encoding":"identity, deflate, compress, gzip",
"Accept":"*/*",
"User-Agent":"python-requests/0.8.0",
"Host":"httpbin.org:80",
"Content-Type":"multipart/form-data; boundary=127.0.0.1.502.21746.1321131593.786.1"
},
"data":""
} |
是。您将使用urllib2模块，并使用multipart/form-data内容类型进行编码。以下是一些示例代码，可以帮助您入门-不仅仅是文件上传，但您应该能够通读它并了解其工作原理：
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| user_agent ="image uploader"
default_message ="Image $current of $total"
import logging
import os
from os.path import abspath, isabs, isdir, isfile, join
import random
import string
import sys
import mimetypes
import urllib2
import httplib
import time
import re
def random_string (length):
return ''.join (random.choice (string.letters) for ii in range (length + 1))
def encode_multipart_data (data, files):
boundary = random_string (30)
def get_content_type (filename):
return mimetypes.guess_type (filename)[0] or 'application/octet-stream'
def encode_field (field_name):
return ('--' + boundary,
'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"' % field_name,
'', str (data [field_name]))
def encode_file (field_name):
filename = files [field_name]
return ('--' + boundary,
'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"; filename="%s"' % (field_name, filename),
'Content-Type: %s' % get_content_type(filename),
'', open (filename, 'rb').read ())
lines = []
for name in data:
lines.extend (encode_field (name))
for name in files:
lines.extend (encode_file (name))
lines.extend (('--%s--' % boundary, ''))
body = '\
\
'.join (lines)
headers = {'content-type': 'multipart/form-data; boundary=' + boundary,
'content-length': str (len (body))}
return body, headers
def send_post (url, data, files):
req = urllib2.Request (url)
connection = httplib.HTTPConnection (req.get_host ())
connection.request ('POST', req.get_selector (),
*encode_multipart_data (data, files))
response = connection.getresponse ()
logging.debug ('response = %s', response.read ())
logging.debug ('Code: %s %s', response.status, response.reason)
def make_upload_file (server, thread, delay = 15, message = None,
username = None, email = None, password = None):
delay = max (int (delay or '0'), 15)
def upload_file (path, current, total):
assert isabs (path)
assert isfile (path)
logging.debug ('Uploading %r to %r', path, server)
message_template = string.Template (message or default_message)
data = {'MAX_FILE_SIZE': '3145728',
'sub': '',
'mode': 'regist',
'com': message_template.safe_substitute (current = current, total = total),
'resto': thread,
'name': username or '',
'email': email or '',
'pwd': password or random_string (20),}
files = {'upfile': path}
send_post (server, data, files)
logging.info ('Uploaded %r', path)
rand_delay = random.randint (delay, delay + 5)
logging.debug ('Sleeping for %.2f seconds------------------------------\
\
', rand_delay)
time.sleep (rand_delay)
return upload_file
def upload_directory (path, upload_file):
assert isabs (path)
assert isdir (path)
matching_filenames = []
file_matcher = re.compile (r'\\.(?:jpe?g|gif|png)$', re.IGNORECASE)
for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk (path):
for name in filenames:
file_path = join (dirpath, name)
logging.debug ('Testing file_path %r', file_path)
if file_matcher.search (file_path):
matching_filenames.append (file_path)
else:
logging.info ('Ignoring non-image file %r', path)
total_count = len (matching_filenames)
for index, file_path in enumerate (matching_filenames):
upload_file (file_path, index + 1, total_count)
def run_upload (options, paths):
upload_file = make_upload_file (**options)
for arg in paths:
path = abspath (arg)
if isdir (path):
upload_directory (path, upload_file)
elif isfile (path):
upload_file (path)
else:
logging.error ('No such path: %r' % path)
logging.info ('Done!') |
看起来python请求无法处理非常大的多部分文件。
该文档建议您查看requests-toolbelt。
这是他们文档中的相关页面。
阻止您直接在文件对象上直接使用urlopen的唯一原因是内置文件对象缺少len定义。一种简单的方法是创建一个子类，该子类为urlopen提供正确的文件。
我还修改了下面文件中的Content-Type标头。
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| import os
import urllib2
class EnhancedFile(file):
def __init__(self, *args, **keyws):
file.__init__(self, *args, **keyws)
def __len__(self):
return int(os.fstat(self.fileno())[6])
theFile = EnhancedFile('a.xml', 'r')
theUrl ="http://example.com/abcde"
theHeaders= {'Content-Type': 'text/xml'}
theRequest = urllib2.Request(theUrl, theFile, theHeaders)
response = urllib2.urlopen(theRequest)
theFile.close()
for line in response:
print line |
我正在尝试测试Django Rest API及其对我的工作：
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| def test_upload_file(self):
filename ="/Users/Ranvijay/tests/test_price_matrix.csv"
data = {'file': open(filename, 'rb')}
client = APIClient()
# client.credentials(HTTP_AUTHORIZATION='Token ' + token.key)
response = client.post(reverse('price-matrix-csv'), data, format='multipart')
print response
self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK) |
克里斯·阿特里(Chris Atlee)的海报库在此方面非常有效(尤其是便捷功能poster.encode.multipart_encode())。另外，它支持流式传输大文件，而无需将整个文件加载到内存中。另请参阅Python问题3244。
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| def visit_v2(device_code, camera_code):
image1 = MultipartParam.from_file("files","/home/yuzx/1.txt")
image2 = MultipartParam.from_file("files","/home/yuzx/2.txt")
datagen, headers = multipart_encode([('device_code', device_code), ('position', 3), ('person_data', person_data), image1, image2])
print"".join(datagen)
if server_port == 80:
port_str =""
else:
port_str =":%s" % (server_port,)
url_str ="http://" + server_ip + port_str +"/adopen/device/visit_v2"
headers['nothing'] = 'nothing'
request = urllib2.Request(url_str, datagen, headers)
try:
response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
resp = response.read()
print"http_status =", response.code
result = json.loads(resp)
print resp
return result
except urllib2.HTTPError, e:
print"http_status =", e.code
print e.read() |
您可能还想看一下带有示例的httplib2。我发现使用httplib2比使用内置HTTP模块更为简洁。
|
