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OpenCV实现从灰度图像切出Mask前景区域

从灰度图像，根据阈值，切出多个前景区域，过滤面积太小的图像。

OpenCV的Python逻辑，clip_gray_patches：

def clip_gray_patches(img_gray, ths=32, filter_percent=0.0005):
    """
    从灰度图像切出多个前景区域，阈值大于ths，过滤面积占比小于filter_percent的图像
    @param img_gray: 灰度图像
    @param ths: 前景阈值
    @param filter_percent: 过滤面积
    @return: patches list, 轮廓图像
    """
    # 根据thresh_val过滤mask
    ret, gray_mask = cv2.threshold(img_gray, ths, 1, 0)
    contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(gray_mask, cv2.RETR_TREE, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
    img_area = get_image_size(img_gray)  # 图像面积
    img_copy = copy.copy(img_gray)
    img_patches = []
    # 遍历全部轮廓
    for cnt in contours:
        area = cv2.contourArea(cnt)
        if area / img_area < filter_percent:  # 过滤小图像
            continue
        # 将小patch的前景设置为255，背景设置为0
        mask = np.zeros(img_gray.shape)
        cv2.drawContours(mask, [cnt], -1, 255, -1)
        mask = mask.astype(np.uint8)
        # 将原图，根据mask，贴入新图像中，再提取mask
        masked = cv2.add(img_gray, np.zeros(np.shape(img_gray), dtype=np.uint8), mask=mask)
        box = get_mask_box(mask)
        img_patch = get_cropped_patch(masked, box)
        img_patches.append(img_patch)
        img_copy = cv2.drawContours(img_copy, [cnt], -1, 255, 1)  # 绘制边界
    return img_patches, img_copy
def get_image_size(img):
    """
    获取图像尺寸
    """
    h, w = img.shape[:2]
    return float(h * w)
def get_mask_box(mask):
    """
    mask的边框
    """
    import numpy as np
    y, x = np.where(mask)
    x_min = np.min(x)
    x_max = np.max(x)
    y_min = np.min(y)
    y_max = np.max(y)
    box = [x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max]
    return box
def get_cropped_patch(img, box):
    """
    获取Img的Patch
    :param img: 图像
    :param box: [x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max]
    :return 图像块
    """
    h, w = img.shape[:2]
    x_min = int(max(0, box[0]))
    y_min = int(max(0, box[1]))
    x_max = int(min(box[2], w))
    y_max = int(min(box[3], h))
    if len(img.shape) == 3:
        img_patch = img[y_min:y_max, x_min:x_max, :]
    else:
        img_patch = img[y_min:y_max, x_min:x_max]
    return img_patch

输入的灰度图像：